2015年7月21日 星期二

在 GNU/Linux 系統上使用指令來燒錄光碟的一些心得

首先是 dvd+rw-mediainfo 這個指令可以用來檢查光碟機裡面到底是放著哪一種光碟片。

$ sudo dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/sr0
INQUIRY:                [HL-DT-ST][DVD+-RW GP60N   ][A300]
GET [CURRENT] CONFIGURATION:
 Mounted Media:         1Ah, DVD+RW
 Media ID:              RITEK/004
 Current Write Speed:   4.0x1385=5540KB/s
 Write Speed #0:        4.0x1385=5540KB/s
 Write Speed #1:        2.4x1385=3324KB/s
 Speed Descriptor#0:    00/2295103 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@4.0x1385=5540KB/s
 Speed Descriptor#1:    00/2295103 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@2.4x1385=3324KB/s
READ DVD STRUCTURE[#0h]:
 Media Book Type:       00h, DVD-ROM book [revision 0]
 Legacy lead-out at:    2295104*2KB=4700372992
READ DISC INFORMATION:
 Disc status:           blank
 Number of Sessions:    1
 State of Last Session: empty
 "Next" Track:          1
 Number of Tracks:      1
READ FORMAT CAPACITIES:
 unformatted:  2295104*2048=4700372992
 26h(0):  2295104*2048=4700372992
READ TRACK INFORMATION[#1]:
 Track State:           invisible incremental
 Track Start Address:   0*2KB
 Free Blocks:           2295104*2KB
 Track Size:            2295104*2KB
READ CAPACITY:          0*2048=0

看到 Mounted Media 這行寫著 DVD+RW 就是光碟片的規格了,另外是 Disc status 這行可以看到目前光碟片的內容是空白的。

另外使用 wodim 也可以看到光碟片的規格,不過更重要的是 wodim 可以看到光碟機的規格

$ sudo wodim dev=/dev/sr0 driveropts=help -checkdrive -v
TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM
scsidev: '/dev/sr0'
devname: '/dev/sr0'
scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2
Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27
Wodim version: 1.1.11
Driveropts: 'help'
SCSI buffer size: 64512
Device type    : Removable CD-ROM
Version        : 0
Response Format: 2
Capabilities   : 
Vendor_info    : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVD+-RW GP60N   '
Revision       : 'A300'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Current: 0x001A (DVD+RW)
Profile: 0x0012 (DVD-RAM) 
Profile: 0x002B (DVD+R/DL) 
Profile: 0x001B (DVD+R) 
Profile: 0x001A (DVD+RW) (current)
Profile: 0x0016 (DVD-R/DL layer jump recording) 
Profile: 0x0015 (DVD-R/DL sequential recording) 
Profile: 0x0014 (DVD-RW sequential recording) 
Profile: 0x0013 (DVD-RW restricted overwrite) 
Profile: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording) 
Profile: 0x0010 (DVD-ROM) 
Profile: 0x000A (CD-RW) 
Profile: 0x0009 (CD-R) 
Profile: 0x0008 (CD-ROM) 
Profile: 0x0002 (Removable disk) 
Driver options:
burnfree Prepare writer to use BURN-Free technology
noburnfree Disable using BURN-Free technology

像是我目前使用的燒錄機有支援 burnfree 的功能,wodim 如果加上 -prcap 來使用,可以看到更詳細的細節。

$ sudo wodim -prcap dev=/dev/sr0 driveropts=help -checkdrive -v
TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM
scsidev: '/dev/sr0'
devname: '/dev/sr0'
scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2
Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27
Wodim version: 1.1.11
Driveropts: 'help'
SCSI buffer size: 64512
Device type    : Removable CD-ROM
Version        : 0
Response Format: 2
Capabilities   : 
Vendor_info    : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVD+-RW GP60N   '
Revision       : 'A300'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.

Drive capabilities, per MMC-3 page 2A:

  Does read CD-R media
  Does write CD-R media
  Does read CD-RW media
  Does write CD-RW media
  Does read DVD-ROM media
  Does read DVD-R media
  Does write DVD-R media
  Does read DVD-RAM media
  Does write DVD-RAM media
  Does support test writing

  Does read Mode 2 Form 1 blocks
  Does read Mode 2 Form 2 blocks
  Does read digital audio blocks
  Does restart non-streamed digital audio reads accurately
  Does support Buffer-Underrun-Free recording
  Does read multi-session CDs
  Does read fixed-packet CD media using Method 2
  Does not read CD bar code
  Does not read R-W subcode information
  Does read raw P-W subcode data from lead in
  Does return CD media catalog number
  Does return CD ISRC information
  Does support C2 error pointers
  Does not deliver composite A/V data

  Does play audio CDs
  Number of volume control levels: 255
  Does support individual volume control setting for each channel
  Does support independent mute setting for each channel
  Does not support digital output on port 1
  Does not support digital output on port 2

  Loading mechanism type: tray
  Does support ejection of CD via START/STOP command
  Does not lock media on power up via prevent jumper
  Does allow media to be locked in the drive via PREVENT/ALLOW command
  Is currently in a media-locked state
  Does not support changing side of disk
  Does not have load-empty-slot-in-changer feature
  Does not support Individual Disk Present feature

  Maximum read  speed: 11080 kB/s (CD  62x, DVD  8x)
  Current read  speed: 11080 kB/s (CD  62x, DVD  8x)
  Maximum write speed:  5540 kB/s (CD  31x, DVD  4x)
  Current write speed:  5540 kB/s (CD  31x, DVD  4x)
  Rotational control selected: CLV/PCAV
  Buffer size in KB: 768
  Copy management revision supported: 1
  Number of supported write speeds: 2
  Write speed # 0:  5540 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD  31x, DVD  4x)
  Write speed # 1:  3324 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD  18x, DVD  2x)

Supported CD-RW media types according to MMC-4 feature 0x37:
  Does write multi speed       CD-RW media
  Does write high  speed       CD-RW media
  Does write ultra high speed  CD-RW media
  Does not write ultra high speed+ CD-RW media

如果是從來都沒有使用過的 DVD+RW 片,可能會需要先格式化一次。

$ sudo wodim dev=/dev/sr0 -format
...
$ sudo dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/sr0
INQUIRY:                [HL-DT-ST][DVD+-RW GP60N   ][A300]
GET [CURRENT] CONFIGURATION:
 Mounted Media:         1Ah, DVD+RW
 Media ID:              RITEK/004
 Current Write Speed:   4.0x1385=5540KB/s
 Write Speed #0:        4.0x1385=5540KB/s
 Write Speed #1:        2.4x1385=3324KB/s
 Speed Descriptor#0:    00/2295103 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@4.0x1385=5540KB/s
 Speed Descriptor#1:    00/2295103 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@2.4x1385=3324KB/s
READ DVD STRUCTURE[#0h]:
 Media Book Type:       00h, DVD-ROM book [revision 0]
 Legacy lead-out at:    2295104*2KB=4700372992
READ DISC INFORMATION:
 Disc status:           complete
 Number of Sessions:    1
 State of Last Session: complete
 Number of Tracks:      1
 BG Format Status:      in progress, 78.1% complete
READ FORMAT CAPACITIES:
 formatted:  2295104*2048=4700372992
 26h(0):  2295104*2048=4700372992
READ TRACK INFORMATION[#1]:
 Track State:           complete incremental
 Track Start Address:   0*2KB
 Free Blocks:           0*2KB
 Track Size:            2295104*2KB
FABRICATED TOC:
 Track#1  :             14@0
 Track#AA :             14@2295104
 Multi-session Info:    #1@0
READ CAPACITY:          2295104*2048=4700372992

DVD+RW 格式化完後 Disc status 會變成 complete。

如果使用的是已經有寫入資料的 DVD-RW 片,可能會需要先快速抹除光碟內容。

$ sudo wodim -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=fast

如果快速抹除光碟片執行失敗,也許可以試試看強迫完整抹除光碟內容。

$ sudo wodim -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=all -force

DVD-RW 抹除後會長像下面這樣。

$ sudo dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/sr0
INQUIRY:                [HL-DT-ST][DVD+-RW GP60N   ][A300]
GET [CURRENT] CONFIGURATION:
 Mounted Media:         14h, DVD-RW Sequential
 Media ID:              RITEKW04    
 Current Write Speed:   4.0x1385=5540KB/s
 Write Speed #0:        4.0x1385=5540KB/s
 Write Speed #1:        2.0x1385=2770KB/s
 Speed Descriptor#0:    00/2298495 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@4.0x1385=5540KB/s
 Speed Descriptor#1:    00/2298495 R@8.0x1385=11080KB/s W@2.0x1385=2770KB/s
READ DVD STRUCTURE[#10h]:
 Media Book Type:       00h, DVD-ROM book [revision 0]
 Legacy lead-out at:    2298496*2KB=4707319808
READ DVD STRUCTURE[#0h]:
 Media Book Type:       33h, DVD-RW book [revision 3]
 Last border-out at:    8390653*2KB=17184057344
READ DISC INFORMATION:
 Disc status:           blank
 Number of Sessions:    1
 State of Last Session: empty
 "Next" Track:          1
 Number of Tracks:      1
READ FORMAT CAPACITIES:
 unformatted:  2297888*2048=4706074624
 00h(800):  2297888*2048=4706074624
 10h(10):  2297888*2048=4706074624
 15h(10):  2297888*2048=4706074624
READ TRACK INFORMATION[#1]:
 Track State:           blank
 Track Start Address:   0*2KB
 Next Writable Address: 0*2KB
 Free Blocks:           2297888*2KB
 Track Size:            2297888*2KB
READ CAPACITY:          0*2048=0

有時候可能會想要指定最低倍速來燒錄光碟片,因為光碟機或光碟片的品質問題,會導致全速燒錄時的失敗,最低倍速的燒錄會相對保險一些。

$ sudo wodim -v -eject dev=/dev/sr0 speed=2 driveropts=burnfree Windows10_InsiderPreview_x64_ZH-TW_10162.iso

加上 -eject 是希望燒錄完成後將光碟片拖盤退出(如果光碟機真的有拖盤的話),加上 driveropts=burnfree 是因為光碟機有這個功能。

使用 DVD+RW 跟 DVD-RW 的不同點在於 DVD+RW 只要格式化一次,之後就可以重覆地直接將 ISO 寫進去,不需要像 DVD-RW 那樣,每次都要先抹除內容,然後才可以將 ISO 寫進去。

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